The Economic Basis of PoliticsA.A. Knopf, 1922 - 99 страница |
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Страница 47
... representative system of estates . Sometimes it was the resistance of a particular economic group to royal despot- ism that won for it a recognized share in the government . An example of this is afforded by the contest which ended in ...
... representative system of estates . Sometimes it was the resistance of a particular economic group to royal despot- ism that won for it a recognized share in the government . An example of this is afforded by the contest which ended in ...
Страница 50
... representatives of the gentry of the counties and the burgesses of the towns considered as collective bodies within their respective geographical areas . Strictly speaking , we find in the lower house of Parlia- [ 50 ] The Economic ...
... representatives of the gentry of the counties and the burgesses of the towns considered as collective bodies within their respective geographical areas . Strictly speaking , we find in the lower house of Parlia- [ 50 ] The Economic ...
Страница 51
... representatives of the landed gentry below the baronial line . Still , it is quite apparent , in spite of these combina- tions that the English constitution of the middle V ages was a group system , resting upon a founda- [ 51 ] ...
... representatives of the landed gentry below the baronial line . Still , it is quite apparent , in spite of these combina- tions that the English constitution of the middle V ages was a group system , resting upon a founda- [ 51 ] ...
Страница 54
... representative assemblies which sprang up in some German principalities and in Russia , the same idea of class representation pre- vailed . In the economic foundations of her Consti- tution , mediaeval France differed in no funda ...
... representative assemblies which sprang up in some German principalities and in Russia , the same idea of class representation pre- vailed . In the economic foundations of her Consti- tution , mediaeval France differed in no funda ...
Страница 55
... representatives of the towns ( hominibus bonarum villarum ) . The first Estates General , or National Par- liament , was held in France in 1303. This was speedily followed by other parliaments . Speaking of the session of 1308 , a ...
... representatives of the towns ( hominibus bonarum villarum ) . The first Estates General , or National Par- liament , was held in France in 1303. This was speedily followed by other parliaments . Speaking of the session of 1308 , a ...
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abolished agricultural Aristotle assemblies barons bourgeois burgesses burghers capitalist causes of revolutions century citizens civil class representation clergy common communist conclusions conflict constitution contradiction craft unions Declaration of Inde degrees and kinds demagogues democracy distribution of property distribution of wealth divided doctrine economic groups election England English erty fact forces forms and distribution foundations freeholders French Revolution fundamental government founded group representation House of Lords human John Locke kinds of property king labourers landed gentry landlords laws Machiavelli Madison manhood suffrage mediaeval ment middle class minority Montesquieu nature nobility nomic numerical majority oligarchy origin owners Parlia Parliament party peasants person philosophy political equality political power political science possession prop realm representatives right of suffrage Rousseau sentiments and views Servius Tullius Social Contract society statesmen stitutional struggle system of class terest theory third estate tion United Universal suffrage vote voters Webster whole writers
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Страница 30 - The latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man . and we see them everywhere brought into different degrees of activity, according to the different circumstances of civil society.
Страница 31 - Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society. Those who are creditors, and those who are debtors, fall under a like discrimination. A landed interest, a manufacturing interest, a mercantile interest, a moneyed interest, with many lesser interests, grow up of necessity in civilized nations, and divide them into different classes, actuated by different sentiments and views.
Страница 39 - The freest government, if it could exist, would not be long acceptable, if the tendency of the laws were to create a rapid accumulation of property in few hands, and to render the great mass of the population dependent and penniless.
Страница 38 - They were themselves, either from their original condition, or from the necessity of their common interest, nearly on a general level in respect to property. Their situation demanded a parcelling out and division of the lands, and it may be fairly said, that this necessary act fixed the future frame and form of their government. The character of their political institutions was determined by the fundamental laws respecting property.
Страница 21 - ... they never learn, even at school, the habit of obedience. On the other hand, the very poor, who are in the opposite extreme, are too degraded. So that the one class cannot obey, and can only rule despotically; the other knows not how to command and must be ruled like slaves. Thus arises a city, not of freemen, but of masters and slaves, the one despising, the other envying...
Страница 21 - ... goods ; nor do others covet theirs, as the poor covet the goods of the rich ; and as they neither plot against others, nor are themselves plotted against, they pass through life safely. Wisely then did Phocylides pray, — 'Many things are best in the mean ; I desire to be of a middle condition in my city.
Страница 11 - Also fragen wir bestandig, Bis man uns mit einer Handvoll Erde endlich stopft die Mauler — Aber ist das eine Antwort?
Страница 27 - The great and chief end, therefore, of men's uniting into commonwealths and putting themselves under government is the preservation of their property.
Страница 30 - From the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property, the possession of different degrees and kinds of property immediately results ; and from the influence of these on the sentiments and views of the respective proprietors, ensues a division of the society into different interests and parties.
Страница 20 - Now in all states there are three elements: one class is very rich, another very poor, and a third in a mean. It is admitted that moderation and the mean are best, and therefore it will clearly be best to possess the gifts of fortune in moderation; for in that condition of life men are most ready to follow rational principle.