equaled in size by any other troops of the United States, with the exception of those of Tennessee.

The Confederate army continued to receive recruits from Kentucky until the end of the war. Though it is impossible to state precisely the number given to that service, it has been fairly estimated as over forty thousand. It is possible to be more exact in regard to the Federal numbers. According to the estimates of the adjutant generals, before the close of the war the State had given to the Federal service upwards of one hundred thousand white men, nearly one tenth of the entire population. Besides this, eleven thousand negroes were enlisted for the United States army.

RECAPITULATION

Love of Kentucky Conservatives for the Union.

Their trust that the constitution

would be restored after the war. Belief that the government did not intend to destroy the institutions of the South.

The first step in the revolution taken.
Slavery abolished in the District of
Columbia by Congress.

Kentucky statesmen vainly try to de-
feat the measure.

The State excited against the Federal government.

Martial law enforced, June, 1862. General J. T. Boyle military commandant.

Provost marshals appointed in every

county.

Terrible raids of outlaws called guerrillas.

Severe measures enforced to suppress guerrillas.

Morgan's first Kentucky raid.
His quick wits and bold methods.
His victory in the battle of Cynthi

ana.

His effective service to the Confed

eracy.

The State administration mainly
Conservative Union.

Governor Magoffin, a Southern
Rights man, resigns.

His successor chosen in a unique

manner.

James F. Robinson, Conservative,

becomes governor.

Over 40,000 Confederates organized at Chattanooga.

General Braxton Bragg in chief com-
mand.

The invasion of Kentucky proposed.
The State invaded by E. Kirby

Smith with one third of this army.
The only organized force of the
State at Richmond.

Kentucky

CHAPTER XVIII

CIVIL CONFLICTS, 1863-1865

THE opposition in Kentucky to the Lincoln administra. tion rose to a high tide when on January 1, 1863, the President issued his Emancipation Proclamaopposed to Lin- tion, liberating the slaves in the seceding States. Kentucky, being loyal, was not immediately concerned; but the proclamation was deemed. a violation of the constitution of the United States.

coln's policy

President Lincoln had been elected under a policy which declared that all the people in the seceded States had to do was to lay down their arms and return to their allegiance to the Union, and that then they would be protected in all their rights by the constitution. As the war progressed, it seemed necessary to the President to depart from this policy. But the people of Kentucky, at that exciting time, could not perceive as we do to-day the destiny which urged Lincoln on to mighty deeds.

The Radical or Unconditional Union element in the State alone upheld the administration; but the controlling Opposition power was still the Conservative Union, or increased Union Democratic party, as it was now called. Their ticket was victorious at the August election. Thomas Elliot Bramlette and Richard T. Jacob, both Federal officers, were chosen respectively governor and lieutenant governor. Although there was hardly a possibility of the Union ticket being defeated, the most arbitrary means

were enforced to secure its success. The military officers of the State were controlled by orders from the War Department in Washington. Prior to the election, martial law was declared. The polls were guarded by soldiers, and no disloyal person was allowed to vote. The Kentuckians very generally resented this interference of the military rulers with their civil government.

enrolled

In the autumn of 1863, President Lincoln called for three hundred thousand more men to prosecute the war. Kentucky's quota was twelve thousand seven Negro soldiers hundred and. one. Early in January, 1864, the Federal government began recruiting in negro regiments for the United States army. people of Kentucky had

the State

Now the

ever been true to the

Union. No call for

men and money had been made upon them that was not promptly met. They were gallant soldiers, proud of their military record. The negroes were their slaves. To arm these slaves and place them by their side in battle seemed to them at that time a degrada

tion to themselves and

to that high calling

Drilling Negro Recruits

for which they had volunteered their lives. What we name race prejudice to-day was, at that time, an almost unconquerable feeling.

Opposition to this measure and to the men who controlled the Federal government burst forth in denunciatory Indignation of speeches within the State and in Congress. Kentucky At Lexington, the daring Federal cavalry raider, Colonel Frank L. Wolford, with his picturesque, untutored eloquence, roused the people to revolt from the idea of "keeping step to the music of the Union alongside of negro soldiers"; and for his defiance was arrested and imprisoned. Lieutenant Governor Jacob also denounced the methods of the administration, and likewise suffered arrest. In Congress, Aaron Harding spoke ably on the same subject, and William Henry Wadsworth made a speech which increased Kentucky's claim to orators.

Early in January, 1864, General Boyle resigned the position of military commandant of Kentucky. He had

Military

striven to fulfill his trying duties as a Christian. oppression gentleman; and his resignation was a misfortune to the Kentuckians. For the next two years the people were harassed by a series of military rulers who were regarded at the time as nothing less than tyrannical. In February, Major General Steven G. Burbridge was appointed commander of the department of Kentucky. He belonged to the extreme Radical wing of the Union party in his State, and he met the situation in Kentucky in what seemed a harsh and unrelenting manner.

The terrible guerrilla raids, alike condemned by honorable Confederates and Federals, became exasperatingly Notorious frequent during the last years of the war. guerrillas Scarcely a county in the State escaped their depredations, and their leaders usually succeeded in evading the officers of the law. It was only after long months, when unnumbered crimes had been committed, that three of the most notorious leaders were captured; and then by