of those stern barbarians with compassion. The next morning betimes they came to the fort, where Smith having used the savages with what kindness he could, he showed Rawhunt, Powhatan's trusty servant, two demiculverins and a millstone to carry Powhatan: they found them somewhat too heavy; but when they did see him discharge them, being loaded with stones, among the boughs of a great tree loaded with icicles, the ice and branches came so tumbling down, that the poor savages ran away half dead with fear. But at last we regained some confidence with them, and gave them such toys: and sent to Powhatan, his women and children, such presents, as gave them in general full content.

Master John Rolfe, an honest Gentleman, and of good behaviour, had beene in love with Pocahontas and she with him, which thing at that instant I made knowne to Sir Thomas Dale by a letter from him, wherein hee intreated his advice, and she acquainted her brother with it, which resolution Sir Thomas Dale well approved. The bruit of this marriage came soone to the knowledge of Powhatan, a thing acceptable to him, as appeared by his sudden consent, for within ten days he sent Ofachisco, an old Uncle of hers, and two of his sons, to see the manner of the mariage, and to doe in that behalfe what they requested, for the confirmation thereof, as his deputie; which was accordingly done about the first of Aprill. And ever since we have had friendly trade and commerce, as well with Powhatan himself, as all his subjects.

The Lady Rebecca, alias Pocahontas, daughter to Powhatan, by the diligent care of Master John Rolfe her husband and his friends, was taught to speake such Englishe as might well bee understood, well instructed in Christianitie, and was become very formal and civil after our English manner; she had also by him a childe which she loved most dearely and the Treasurer and Company tooke order both for the maintenance of her and it, beside there were divers persons of great ranke and qualitie had beene very kinde to her; and before she arrived at London

Captain Smith to deserve her former courtesies, made her qualities knowne to the Queene's most excellent Majestie and her Court, and writ a little booke to this effect to the Queene: An abstract whereof followeth,

To the most high and vertuous

Princesse Queene Anne of Great Brittanie

Most Admired Queene,

The love I beare my God, my King, and Countrie hath so oft emboldened me in the worst of extreme danger, that now honestie doth constraine me presume thus far beyond my selfe, to present your Majestie this short discourse: If ingratitude be a deadly poyson to all honest vertues, I must bee guiltie of that crime if I should omit any meanes to bee thankful. So it is, that some ten years agoe being in Virginia, and taken prisoner by the power of Powhatan their chief King, I received from this great salvage exceeding great courtesie, especially from his son Nantaquaus, the most manliest, comeliest, boldest spirit, I ever saw in a Salvage, and his sister Pocahontas, the King's most deare and well-beloved daughter, being but a childe of twelve or thirteene yeers of age, whose compassionate pitiful heart, of desperate estate, gave me much cause to respect her:

I being the first Christian this proud King and his grim attendants ever saw: and thus inthralled in their barbarous power, I cannot say I felt the least occasion of want that was in the power of those my mortal foes to prevent, notwithstanding all their threats. After some six weeks fattening among those Salvage Courtiers, at the minute of my execution, she hazarded the beating out of her owne braines to save mine, and not only that, but so prevailed with her father, that I was safely conducted to James towne, where I found about eight and thirtie miserable poore and sicke creatures, to keepe possession of all those large territories of Virginia. Such was the weaknesse of this poor Commonwealth, as had the Salvages not fed us, we directly had starved.

And this reliefe, Most gracious Queene, was commonly

brought us by this Lady Pocahontas, notwithstanding all these passages when inconstant Fortune turned peace to war, this tender Virgin would still not spare to dare to visit us, and by her our jars have beene oft appeased and our wants still supplyed; were it the policie of her father thus to imploy her, or the ordinance of God thus to make her his instrument, or her extraodinaire affection to our Nation, I know not: but of this I am sure:- when her father with the utmost of his policie and power, sought to surprize mee, having but eighteen with mee, the darke night could not affright her from coming through the irksome woods, and with watered eyes gave me intelligence, with her best advice to escape his furie: which had hee knowne, hee had surely slaine her. James Towne with her wild traine she as freely frequented, as her father's habitation; and during the time of two or three yeeres, she next under God, was still the instrument to preserve this Colonie from death, famine and utter confusion, which if in those times had once beene dissolved, Virginia might have been as it was at our first arrival to this day. Since then, this businesse having beene turned and varied by many accidents from that I left it at: it is most certaine, after a long and troublesome war after my departure, betwixt her father and our Colonie, all which time shee was not heard of, about two years after she her selfe was taken prisoner, being so detained neere two yeeres longer, the Colonie by that means was relieved, peace concluded, and at last rejecting her barbarous condition, was married to an English Gentleman, with whom at this present she is in England; the first Christian ever of that Nation, the first Virginian ever spake English, or had a childe in mariage by an Englishman, a matter surely, if my meaning bee truly considered and well understood, worthy a Prince's understanding.

Thus, most gracious Lady, I have related to your Majestie, what at your best leasure our approved histories will account you at large, and done in the time of your Majestie's life, and however this might bee presented you from a more worthy pen,

it cannot from a more honest heart; as yet I never begged anything of the State, or any, and it is my want of abilitie and her exceeding desert, your birth, means, and authoritie, her birth, vertue, want and simplicitie, doth make mee thus bold, humbly to beseech your Majestie to take this knowledge of her, though it be from one so unworthy to be the reporter, as myselfe, her husband's estate not being able to make her fit to attend your Majesties.

The most and best I can doe, is to tell you this, because none so oft hath tried it as myselfe; and the rather being of so great a spirit, however her stature; if she should not be well received, seeing this Kingdome may rightly have a Kingdome by her means; her present love to us and Christianitie, might turne to such scorne and furie, as to divert all this good to the worst of evil, where finding so great a Queene should doe her some honour more than she can imagine, for being so kinde to your servants and subjects, would so ravish her with content, as endeare her dearest bloud to effect that, your Majestie and all the King's honest subjects most earnestly desire. And so I humbly kisse your gracious hands. Being about this time preparing to set saile for New England, I could not stay to doe her that service I desired, and shee well deserved; but hearing shee was at Branford with divers of my friends, I went to see her: After a modest salutation, without any word, she turned about, obscured her face, as not seeming well contented; and in that humour her husband, with divers others, we all left her two or three houres, repenting myself to have writ shee could speake English.

But not long after, she began to talke, and remembered mee well what courtesies shee had done; saying, "You did promise Powhatan what was yours should bee his, and he the like to you; you called him father being in his land a stranger, and by the same reason so must I doe you;"-which though I would have excused, I durst not allow of that title, because she was a King's daughter. With a well set countenance she said,

"Were you not afraid to come into my father's Countrie, and caused feare in him and all his people (but mee) and feare you here I should call you father; I tell you then I will, and you shall calle mee childe, and so I will bee forever and ever your Countrieman. They did tell us alwaies you were dead, and I knew no other till I came to Plymouth; yet Powhatan did command Uttamatomakkin to seeke you, and know the truth, because your Countriemen will lie much.".

The small time I staid in Londin, divers courtiers and others, my acquaintances, hath gone with me to see her, that generally concluded, they did thinke God had a great hand in her conversion, and they have seene many English Ladies worse favoured, proportioned and behavioured, and as since I have heard, it pleased both the King and Queene's Majestie honourably to esteeme her, accompanied with that honourable Lady the Lady De la Warre, and that honourable Lord her husband, and divers other persons of good qualities, both publikely at the maskes and otherwise, to her great satisfaction and content, which doubtless she would have deserved had she lived to arrive in Virginia.

FIRST FIGHT WITH THE INDIANS

BRADFORD'S AND WINSLOW'S JOURNAL

[This account is taken from a journal kept by Bradford, with additions by Winslow, which covers the first year of the life of the Pilgrims on American soil. This journal was published in England in 1622, and was wrongly called Mourt's Relation from the fact that the preface was signed by a man named Mourt.

It will be remembered that the Pilgrims first cast anchor in Cape Cod harbor, where the Mayflower remained several days. From the vessel they made excursions to the land to see what they could find. This first fight with the Indians gave them a foretaste of some of their later troubles. The resoluteness with which they met all difficulties was also a foreshadowing of their final success.]