borough Castle, with the grand expanse of ocean.

From a rustic seat at the top of one of the eminences which serve to encircle this rural and romantic scene, we gain a bird's-eye view of the mill, and its small plot of garden ground. On turning to inspect the view to the south a valley intervenes, and beyond its encompassing hills " ocean, wonderful!" appears, bounded, at one point, by the Castle and its cliffs: thence the eye is conducted over the town to Weaponness Hill, or Oliver's Mount, forming together a very imposing prospect.

The other, called the High Mill, is on the Whitby road.

The vestiges of one of the small encampments made during the siege of Scarborough Castle in 1644, may yet be seen upon the hill above Peasholm-vale, near to the upper Scalby Mill. It is a regular pentagon, every angle and part of which is grown over with a verdant turf, as though lately made. It may probably have been an out-post to guard the road and North-sand-beach, and prevent any communication from that quarter.*

Scalby-sands is one of the situations pointed out by the Rev. F. Kendall, in his "Descriptive Catalogue of the Minerals of Scarborough," for Jasper Agates; and near Peasholm-beck Magnetic Iron

The markets are said to have been prohibited in the town, during the siege; but the inhabitants had permission, under particular restraints, to attend one which was kept at Peasholm.

Hinderwell

Sand is found in the greatest plenty.* This stream of water cuts in two a stratum of red clay, which contains the sand in thin veins; in its course it carries the sand down wit it, and deposits it on the beach, whence it is drifted by the wind on both sides the channel. Colour, in the gross, greyish black, from the mixture of adventitious particles, chiefly siliceous, when pure or extracted from these particles, it is of a deep iron black, and has much the appearance of fine gun-powder. Occurs in small roundish or angular grains, never chrystallized. Lustre of that obtained from the stratum, dull, of teat from from the beach, shining and metallic. Heavy. Strongly metallic; easily collected by passing a magnet gently over the surface of the sand, or slightly plunging it in; the particles clinging to it after the manner of steel-filings.

Recently a remarkably fine specimen of a fossil tooth of an Asiatic Elephant was found on these sands, near Scalby Mill.

* Vide Kendall's Catalogue, p. 90, and Sowerby's Brit. Min. vol, 2, tab. 197.

NEWBY

is a hamlet contiguous to, and in the parish of, Scalby, in the wapentake of Pickering-Lythe.

Upon the site of the house of Mr. Ashton of this place, formerly stood Newby Hall, built by Christopher Keld, Esq., in 1660; his initials, with the date of the year, are yet preserved on the original stone, inserted in the wall of the farm-house of Mr. Ashton; where, upon a separate block, are cut the arms of the Keld family. The house appears from the description to have been erected in the true hall-like style of the period, possessing stonemullioned windows, and in front a porch, over which were the ornamental balls, or heads, so commonly used in buildings at that time. The boundary stone of the court-yard, on which stood the ornamental pedestal from which the railing verged, is yet visible, and the pedestal itself with the heads are now kept in Mr. Ashton's farm-yard, whose present house has been built about thirty years.

In some ancient records, it is stated, that, during the time of the great Plague of 1625, before alluded to, a considerable landed proprietor of the neighbourhood, Sir Thomas P. Hoby, of Hackness, ordered a waggon of corn to be thrown down near Newby, and left for any of those destitute persons

who chose to partake;-in such a deplorable state was the district at that period: and in like manner the town of Scarborough was supplied during a suspension of the market.

Population of Newby 40.

A road opposite Newby, to the south, leads to Raincliff, in every respect the most extensive wood in the neighbourhood of Scarborough. Through it, in the warmer seasons of the year, may be taken one of the most delightful rides that this country affords. The wood is entered by a gate on the right hand of the lane, which may be followed along the bottom of the hill, and will conduct strangers either to Hackness by way of Everley, or through the Forgevalley to Ayton, and thus returning to Scarborough by the York road. The variety of ground passed through in making this agreeable tour, is abundant in diversified sylvan scenery. The succession of very dissimilar, but well contrasted scenes, almost every one beautiful in its kind, may, combining the effect of the whole, scarcely be rivalled within so small a compass. The river Derwent overhung with branching shrubs, and spiry alders, sweeps its winding course, rippling along at the foot of lofty eminences, thickly planted with trees. This river afterward spreads a broader stream, meandering through more open ground, toward the picturesque village of Ayton, adorned by a handsome modern bridge, near to which are the remains of an ancient man

sion,+ all happily so situated, as if designed in succession to surprise and gratify the eye of the visitant.

On the summit of the hill on the road from Hackness to Scalby a beautiful view of the ocean and Scarborough Castle, appears. The subjacent country, with the picturesque village of Scalby, form a delightful landscape.

+ This mansion was once the fortified residence of the family of the Eures, or Evres, who possessed large demesnes in these parts, and in the neighbourhood of Malton.

Vide Hinderwell.