and be born every year, i. e. 3,000 every hour or 50 every minute.

Like leaves on trees, the race of man is found;

Now green in youth, now withering on the ground.
Another race the following spring supplies,
They fall successive, and successive rise;
So generations in their course decay,

So flourish these, when those are past away.

POPE.

328. As men have divided by chance or design, into separate governments, they have assumed the names of nations, republics, kingdoms, or empires; and the knowledge of these constitutes a leading feature of geographical study.

The most populous nations are, the Chinese of 300 millions, the Hindoos of 40 millions, the French of 30 millions, and the Russians of 36 millions. The most extensive are the Russians, Chinese, Turkish, French and British empires.

329. From north to south, Europe is divided into Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Prussia, Poland, Saxony, Westphalia, France, Wurtemburgh, Bavaria, Switzerland, Austria, Turkey, Italy, Naples, Spain, Portugal, and Great Britain and Ireland.

Obs. It will be highly proper that tutors point out on some map of the world, all these countries to the pupil, and render him expert in pointing to them himself. He ought also to be directed to write out the boundaries and latitude and longitude of each from the map. Nothing can be so ridiculous, as to compel children to commit verbal descriptions of the boundaries of countries to memory. The only guide is a good map; and that they ought to trace or copy, till they can answer any question that is put to them. No one need blush for ignorance of geography, after he has twice or thrice traced or copied maps. The scale of mountains in Goldsmith's "Illustrations of Popular Geography," should also be copied in maps, and the lines of comparative sizes deserve some consideration. The best exercises in mechanical and mathematical geography, however, are in the Geographical Copy-Books and the Royal School Atlas.

330. The following is an enumeration of the names, capitals, and population of the countries of Europe:

331. Europe has three inland seas: the Mediterranean, the Baltic, and the White Sea; and its shores are washed by the Atlantic, the Bay of Biscay, the English Channel, the Northern Ocean, St. George's Channel, and the German Ocean.

332. The great European rivers are, the Danube, the Rhine, the Elbe, the Weser, the Maine, and the Oder in Germany; the Wolga and the Nieper, in Russia; the Rhone, the Garonne, and the Seine in France; the Thames, the Severn, and the Humber, in England; the Clyde, in Scotland; and the Shannon, in Ireland.

Obs.-The rivers of South Britain are thus described:-
From bis oozy bed,

Old father Thames advanc'd his rev'rend head:
Around his throne the sea-born brothers stood,
Who swell with tributary urns his flood.
First, the fam'd authors of his ancient name,
The winding Isis and the fruitful Tame!

The Kennet swift, for silver eels renown'd:

The Loddon slow, with verdant alders crown'd:
Cole, whose dark streams his flow'ry islands lave:
And chalky Wey that rolls a milky wave:
The blue transparent Vandalis appears:
The gulphy Lee his sedgy tresses rears:

And sullen Mole that hides his diving flood:

And silent Darent stain'd with Danish blood.

POPE.

333. The mountains of Europe are, the Alps of

Switzerland; the Pyrenees, between France and Spain; the Dofrafelds, in Norway; the Welsh, in Wales; and Ben Nevis and Ben Lomond, in Scotland. It has also three volcanoes, or burning mountains; viz. Etna, in Sicily; Vesuvius, near Naples; and Hecla, in Iceland.

334. The British empire is composed of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and several small ones, as the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, the Hebrides, the Orkneys, Jersey and Guernsey, and the Scilly-islands. Great Britain is 700 miles long, and 250 broad; and Ireland 300 long, and 200 broad. Great Britain includes Scotland on the North, Wales North-West, and England on the South, East and West.

335. England is subdivided into forty counties, as follow:

336. Wales is divided into twelve counties, as fol

low:

337. Scotland is divided into thirty-three counties,

Chief Towns. Shires.

Edinburgh Argyle

Merse

Dunse

Kincardin

Bervie Aberdeen

Inverness Nairne and

338. Ireland is divided into four provinces; Ulster to the north, Leinster to the east, Munster to the south, and Connaught to the west; and these are subdivided into thirty-two counties.

Counties. Chief Towns.

Counties.

Dublin

Louth

Wicklow

Wexford

Longford

Dublin

Drogheda

Wicklow

Kilkenny

Chief Towns, King's County Philipstown Queen's Coun. Maryborough Kilkenny

Wexford Kildare

Naas and Athy

Longford Carlow

Carlow

Easteath

Trim Down

Downpatrick

Armagh

Monaghan

Cavan

Antrim

Londonderry
Tyrone

Monaghan Fermanagh
Cavan Donegal

Carrickfergus Leitrim

Derry Roscommon Roscommon Omagh Mayo Carrick on Shannon