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The report contains additional tables, which show for the various. industries the number and wages of salaried employees, by sex, and the classified weekly earnings of adult males, adult females, and children under 16 years of age; and by occupations for skilled labor in each industry the number of males and females employed, weekly wages paid, hours of labor per day and per week, and wage changes during 1904.

PUBLIC UTILITY PLANTS.-This presentation shows, for 136 telephone companies, 81 electric light and power plants, 49 waterworks, and 20 gas plants, capital invested, receipts and expenditures, number of employees, wages paid, etc. In 1904 the telephone companies paid $953,520 in wages to 911 male and 994 female employees, the electric light and power plants $244,406 in wages to 429 male and 7 female employees, the waterworks $2,143,158 in wages to 1,271 male and 13 female employees, and the gas plants $979,360 in wages to 3,319 male and 45 female employees.

LABOR ORGANIZATIONS.-This part of the report presents statistics for 1904 relative to the 624 labor organizations of the State. The membership of the organizations was 79,630 males and 2,403 females, a total of 82,033, or a decrease over 1903 of 16,069. Of the total adult wage-earners employed in the various trades represented, 80.82 per cent were organized. The average number of hours constituting a day's work in 1904 was 9.21, as compared with 9.33 in 1903, while the average minimum wage per hour in 1904 was 28.69 cents, as compared with 28.39 cents in 1903. During 1904 the average number of days employed was 258. On out-of-work, sick and accident, death, and strike benefits the organizations expended $319,243. Out-ofwork benefits were paid by 40 organizations, sick and accident benefits by 144, death benefits by 334, and strike benefits by 362. The average amount per week paid for sick and accident benefits was $4.72 and for strike benefits $5.51. The average amount of each death benefit paid was $110.11. There were 119 strikes and lockouts during the year, of which 63 were settled satisfactorily to the unions involved. The number of persons involved was 8,988, and the amount expended by the organizations in support of the strikes was $110,837. Wages aggregating $250,101 were lost to members through strikes during the year. Increase of wages during the year was reported by 40 organizations, reduction of hours of labor by 18. Appeals for arbitration were made in 60 instances, resulting in the 60 disputes being settled by that method. The unions reported 1,477 accidents during 1904, of which 152 were fatal.

FREE EMPLOYMENT OFFICES.-Returns from the free employment offices, located in St. Louis, Kansas City, and St. Joseph, for the year ending September 30, 1905, show 13,948 applications for positions (12,072 by males and 1,876 by females), 14,204 applications for help

(10,586 for male help and 3,618 for female help), and that 8,400 positions were filled (7,322 by males and 1,078 by females).

LABOR LAWS. This consists of a compilation of the various laws of the State relating to labor.

NEW YORK.

Sixth Annual Report of the Department of Labor, for the twelve months ended September 30, 1906. Transmitted to the legislature January 2, 1907. P. Tecumseh Sherman, commissioner. Part I, 280 pp.; Part II, 275 pp.; Part III, 487 pp.; Part IV, 894 pp.

Part I consists of the annual report of the commissioner of labor relative to the operation of the department of labor, with recommendations on labor questions; preliminary reports of the bureau of factory inspection, the bureau of mediation and arbitration, and the final report of the free employment bureau in New York City; legislation and decisions of courts on questions affecting the interest of working people, and labor laws in force in the State October 1, 1906; Part II, Twenty-first annual report of the bureau of factory inspection; Part III, Twentieth annual report of the bureau of mediation and arbitration; Part IV, Twenty-fourth annual report of the bureau of labor statisties.

FREE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT BUREAU.-During the seven months from October 1, 1905, to April 30, 1906, at which time the bureau was abolished, there were 2,790 applicants (1,440 males and 1,350 females) for positions, and 2,255 applications (571 for males and 1,684 for females) for help. The number of situations filled was 1,677, of which 433 were filled by males and 1,244 by females.

Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for the year ending September 30, 1906.

This part embraces the following subjects: economic conditions of labor, 40 pages; trade unions in 1906, 20 pages; sanitary conditions in the printing trade, 84 pages; appendixes containing statistical tables, 830 pages; regulations in use in England for dangerous or unhealthful industries, 50 pages; copies of forms used, 8 pages.

THE STATE OF EMPLOYMENT.-This chapter presents a continuous record, showing the number and percentage of members of labor unions unemployed in 1906, causes of and duration of idleness as reported by the officers of unions representing approximately onefourth the membership of trade unions in the State, and comparative statistics for preceding years. The smallest number of unions reporting for any month in 1906 was 190 and the largest number was 195, and the work people embraced by these monthly reports varied from 84,539 to 94,571. From the returns it appears that the state of employment was more favorable in 1906 than in either 1902, 1903,

1904, or 1905. The percentage of unemployment for those reporting for the five years being as follows: 1902, 14.8; 1903, 17.5; 1904, 16.9; 1905, 11.2, and 1906, 9.3. With the exception of the metals, machinery, and shipbuilding trades and the printing and binding trades, the average percentage of unemployment was lower in 1906 than in any of the four preceding years.

The following table shows the number and percentage of unionists idle at the end of March and September, 1905 and 1906, by causes:

NUMBER AND PER CENT OF MEMBERS OF LABOR UNIONS IDLE AT THE END OF MARCH AND SEPTEMBER, 1905 AND 1906, BY CAUSES.

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WAGES AND EARNINGS.-Returns received from trade unions for the year 1906 show that an average weekly increase of $1.91 in wages was obtained by 77,799 males, and that 583 females obtained an average weekly increase of $1.11, while 397 males suffered an average weekly decrease of $1.90 in wages.

The following table shows the average earnings for the first and third quarters and for six months, as reported by trade unions in 1906:

NUMBER AND AVERAGE EARNINGS OF ORGANIZED WORKING PEOPLE REPORTING FOR THE FIRST AND THIRD QUARTERS OF 1906, BY SEX AND GROUPS OF INDUSTRIES.

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TREND OF WAGES.-Under this title the value of wages relative to their purchasing power is discussed. A table is presented for the year 1897 and the years 1902 to 1906, showing the average daily wages of trade unionists in the several occupations. The average yearly earnings, based on the average daily earnings in connection with the average days of work per year, were $581 in 1897, and in 1906, $853, an increase of 47 per cent.

HOURS OF LABOR. Of over 1,000,000 operatives employed in factories visited during the year, 53.6 per cent were working less than 58 hours per week. In 1901 the percentage of such employees working less than 58 hours per week was 38. Returns from workingmen's associations show that during the year 1906, 18,941 working people had their hours of labor reduced. The number of persons so benefited in 1906 was greater than for 1904 or 1905, but less than in the years 1901 to 1903. No cases of increased hours were reported in 1906. The number affected by increased hours of labor for each of the five preceding years was 319 in 1901, 5,234 in 1902, 342 in 1903, 66 in 1904, and 722 in 1905.

The following table shows, by industries, the reductions in hours of labor per week and the number of organized workers affected:

REDUCTIONS IN WEEKLY HOURS OF LABOR OF MEMBERS OF LABOR ORGANIZATIONS AND MEMBERS AFFECTED, AS REPORTED BY LABOR UNIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30, 1906.

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TRADE UNIONS.-On September 30, 1906, there were in the State 2,420 organizations, having a membership of 398,494. This is an increase for the year of 18 unions and 15,258 members.

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The following table shows the number of unions, and the number of members, by sex, in each year from 1894 to 1906:

NUMBER OF TRADE UNIONS AND MEMBERSHIP, BY SEX, 1894 TO 1906.

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Of the 2,420 unions, with a total membership of 398,494 on September 30, 1906, 678 unions, having a membership of 260,008, were located in New York City. There were 19 unions with a membership of 3,103 composed entirely of women, and in the unions composed of both males and females there were 8,522 female unionists, making a total of 11,625 female members of trade unions, of whom 6,210 were in the clothing and textile industries, 2,429 in the tobacco industries, and 1,341 in the printing and binding industries.

The following table gives the membership of trade unions, by industries, on July 1 for the years 1894 and 1895, October 31, 1896, and September 30, for the years from 1897 to 1906:

MEMBERSHIP OF TRADE UNIONS, BY INDUSTRIES, 1894 TO 1906.

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