that 2,356 wage-earners owned their homes, that the average annual rental for those paying rent was $73, that the average hours of work per week were 54, and that of the 34,132 employees for whom nationality was reported 5,664 were Americans. During the year for the bituminous coal industry there were reported 303 fatal and 700 nonfatal accidents.

TEXTILE INDUSTRIES.-Returns made in 1906 by 668 establishments engaged in the textile industries in Philadelphia showed an invested capital of $73,362,158, and for the year a product of the market value of $128,058,603. The establishments were in operation during the year an average of 292 days, employing 66,377 wage-earners (28,041 men, 32,783 women, and 5,553 children), to whom were paid wages amounting to $29,363,863 ($16,346,080 to the men, $11,901,033 to the women, and $1,116,750 to the children). The average yearly earnings per employee in the industry were $442.38-the average for the men being $582.93, for the women. $363.02, and for the children $201.11; the average daily wages per employee were $1.52-the average for the men being $2.00, for the women $1.24, and for the children $0.69. The average value of product per employee was $1,929.26.

VIRGINIA.

Tenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics for the State of Virginia. 1907. James B. Doherty, Commissioner.

332 pp.

The subjects presented in this report are industrial statistics, 226 pages; child labor, 91 pages, and labor organizations, 6 pages.

INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS.--A series of tables is given for 41 industries, showing for each industry for 1906 the number of establishments reporting for the year, the value of product, capital invested, amount paid for wages, rent, taxes, and insurance, number of wageearners by sex and occupation with average daily pay, number and average monthly pay of persons employed on salary, number of hours of work per day and days in operation for each establishment, wage changes, and also totals and averages for each industry. For each industry comparisons with 1905 are presented. Statistics are also given of coal mining, of the operations of 7 gas works, of average daily wages of employees of 40 steam and 22 electric railways, and of accidents on steam and electric roads.

The following table shows for 1905 and 1906, for each of the 21 industries in the State which reported an output in 1906 exceeding $1,000,000, the number of establishments reporting, capital invested, value of product, and aggregate wages paid:

CAPITAL INVESTED, VALUE OF PRODUCT, AND WAGES PAID IN 21 INDUSTRIES, 1905

In 1906 there were 229 general contracting firms in the building trades, which reported the value of the work constructed during the year as amounting to $7,852,000, and 108 firms of plumbers, gas fitters, and tinners, which reported the value of work done during the year as amounting to $1,525,410.

The statistics for the 7 gas works show ownership (private or municipal), capacity, private and municipal consumption, price to consumers, etc., and number and daily wages of employees.

The reports on steam and on electric railways operating in the State show for 1906 the average daily wages paid by each road in each occupation and the average daily wages paid by all roads. The following is a summary of the data presented:

AVERAGE DAILY WAGES OF STEAM AND OF ELECTRIC RAILWAY EMPLOYEES, 1906, AND INCREASE IN WAGES OVER 1905.

On the steam railroads in Virginia during 1906 there resulted from the movement of trains the accidental killing of 81 employees, 15 passengers, and 119 others, and the injury of 774 employees, 151 passengers, and 212 others; from causes other than the movement of trains there resulted the accidental killing of 3 employees and 1 other person, and the injury of 917 employees and 4 passengers.

In 1906 from 42 mines employing 5,131 persons there were produced 4,254,879 tons of coal, valued at $4,183,991, the mines being in operation an average of 250 days during the year. In 31 mines working 4,294 men the hours of labor were 10 per day, in 5 mines working 727 men the hours of labor were 9 per day, and in the remaining 6 mines (small ones) the hours of labor were 8 per day.

CHILD LABOR.-Under this caption is presented the report of the special agent of the State labor bureau on inspection of factories and investigations touching child labor, and a compilation of the laws of the various States relating to the employment of children.

LABOR ORGANIZATIONS.-This section of the report consists of returns from the various labor organizations of the State, together with recommendations as to legislation and comments on existing conditions. In 29 trades, unions reported an increase of wages during the year, and a decrease in working hours in 10 of the trades. The number of members unemployed during the year amounted to scarcely 1 per cent.

RECENT FOREIGN STATISTICAL PUBLICATIONS.

CANADA.

Report of the Department of Labor of the Dominion of Canada for the year ended June 30, 1906. 127 pp.

The first of the fourteen sections which comprise this report consists of a general review of the material published during the year in the various issues of the Labor Gazette, a monthly devoted to industrial and labor conditions throughout Canada and printed in both English and French.

From a statement relative to the labor-organization movement in Canada, it appears that in 1903 there were 276 unions formed and 54 dissolved, in 1904 there were 152 unions formed and 104 dissolved, and in 1905 there were 103 unions formed and 101 dissolved. In 1905 in the several provinces of the Dominion there were 220 employers' associations.

The section of the report devoted to conciliation and arbitration shows that the intervention of the department of labor, under the Conciliation Act of 1900, was requested in the settlement of labor disputes involving 974 working people on 5 occasions during the year 1905-6, and that since the passage of the act in July, 1900, intervention has been requested on 39 occasions.

During the year the "fair-wages" officers of the department prepared fair-wages schedules for insertion in 147 separate contracts, which were awarded, or were about to be awarded, during the year. Of this number, 41 were in connection with public buildings or works being executed under contract for the department of public works, 95 in connection with contracts or subsidy agreements entered into with the department of railways and canals, 8 for contracts awarded by the department of marine and fisheries, and 3 for insertion in contracts awarded by the commissioners of the Transcontinental Railway. In every case the rates of wages fixed in the fair-wages schedules were based upon what were considered fair rates in the localities in which the work was to be undertaken. Since the establishment of the department of labor, in 1900, the fair-wages officers have prepared some 785 fair-wages schedules for public contract work.

The Annual Report of the Department of Labor for the year ended June 30, 1905, made the following statement in regard to the Railway Labor Disputes Act, which was passed on July 12, 1903:

It was believed that the measure, providing, as it did, the machinery whereby a public inquiry might be made under oath as to the causes underlying any difference between a railway company and

any of its employees, with a view to bringing about an adjustment of these differences, the mere existence of the measure would of itself be a means of averting strikes and lockouts on the railways of the Dominion. That the expectation of Parliament in this regard has been thus far realized is well evidenced from the fact that since the passing of the act (now two years ago) there has not been a single strike on any of the railroads of the Dominion of such a nature as to seriously affect transportation.

an

The present report states that the experience of the past year (1905-6) has only helped to confirm the view expressed in the above statement as to the probable effect of the passing of the Railway Labor Disputes Act, and that the assertion still remains true that since the passing of the act there has not been a single strike on any of the railroads of the Dominion of such a nature as to seriously affect transportation. During the year 1904-5 there was occasion to apply the provisions of the act to a threatened strike of telegraphers on the Grand Trunk Railway, and in that case the act proved effective as a means of preventing the threatened strike. In the construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, industrial undertaking in which the government of Canada is concerned, it became essential in the interests of labor that adequate provision should be made in the acts of Parliament applicable to this particular undertaking, for the protection of the thousands of workmen likely to be employed for six or seven years in connection with the work. As a consequence measures were enacted which require that in the contracts awarded in connection with the construction of this work provision shall be made for the payment of fair wages to the workmen (such wages as are paid for similar labor in the district in which the work is being performed); that there shall be proper medical and sanitary supervision of construction camps; that the sale or improper use of intoxicating liquors about the work shall be forbidden; that there shall be prompt and full payment of all wage claims, etc., and that the contractors shall, as far as possible, use only materials, supplies, etc., manufactured or produced in Canada.

During the fiscal year 1905-6 there were 130 labor disputes in Canada, which involved 13,363 working people directly and 5,150 working people indirectly. The loss of time amounted approximately to 343,800 working days. The disputes affected 501 establishments directly and 36 indirectly. The principal causes of disputes were demands for increase in wages and against the employment of particular persons. Of the 116 disputes which were terminated during the fiscal year, 55 were settled by negotiations between the parties concerned, 27 by the employment of other work people in the places of the strikers, 19 by the resumption of work without negotiations, 5 by conciliation, and the remainder by other methods. There were 48 strikes which resulted in favor of the employers, 37 in yor of the emplove 18 were compromised, 2 were partly success