fore. No national change, we have already remarked, was ever more complete than that which occurred during Carlyle's lifetime, although, from the steadiness of its progress, its power and rapidity almost escaped observation. But in looking back from the terminus we reach in 1805, we can estimate the strength and vigour of the engine which carried us all the way from 1722, without any accident to wheel or boiler.

We have seen the mode of travelling up to 1775, and got our first view of modern locomotion in the introduction of post-chaises, and the commencement of turnpike roads. Wretched streets traversed the most picturesque and dirtiest town in Europe; and the meanest of wynds and alleys were the residences of the learned and noble. The habits of the people had become a proverb for all that was anti-saponaceous and But towards the end of the work we see notices of the rising on the opposite ridge from the city of the Stuarts, of a new and splendid capital, which furnished fitting homes for the polished gentry and accomplished poets, philosophers, and historians, who seemed to be subdued by the spirit of the houses they dwelt in in, and could not continue to practise se in Queen Street or St Andrew Square, the convivialities and excesses which found a congenial locus in the purlieus of the Grassmarket or the Flesher's Close. Architecture, no less than the other faithfully cultivated arts, softens the manners, and will not permit people to persist in being barbarous. Contemporaneously withthegrowth of the New Town, the savage joviality which had characterised the Old disappeared. Tavern life was extinguished by the size of the apartments at home; and a country minister would pause a good while before he sent a "cady" to summon the Moderator of the Assembly, two or three of the Judges, and the Principal of the University, to meet him at a hotelsupper on half-an-hour's notice. Yet this was common eighty years ago, as recorded in this volume. Keligious and party spirit also ran so high that the Kirk, though divided against itself, found an ample superfluity of hate to bestow on Dissent

and Episcopalianism. The adherents of that old communion felt their recent fall embittered by the insults of their successful rivals, and revenged themselves by cherishing a romantic sort of Jacobitism among their flocks, which so alarmed the Government that it would not permit the raising of a Scotch militia, believing that the majority of the people were disaffected, if not disloyal. "For it must be observed," says Carlyle, "that when Presbytery was re-established at the Revolution, after the reign of Episcopacy for 29 years, more than two-thirds of the people of the country, and most part of the gentry, were Episcopals; the restoration of Presbytery by King William being chiefly owing to the Duke of Argyle, Marchmont, Stair, and other leading nobles who had suffered under Charles and James, and who had promoted the Revolution with all their interest and power."

and

on

This work, though latest published, forms, in fact, the commencement of the series of biographic and anecdotic reminiscences of the last century with which our own day is enriched. The admirable Recollections of Lord Cockburn begin nearly where Carlyle leaves off. Sir Walter Scott was thirty-three at Carlyle's death, the wondrous strain is carried till the gentle ripple of the Tweed sounded on that September morning into his dying room, in 1832. In many respects, the earlier revelations are superior to the rest. In personal interest, we cannot, of course, place them on a par with the records of the man who would be acknowledged the greatest of modern poets, if he not undoubtedly und the greatest of English novelists; but as a reproduction of a distinct individuality we hold them not to be inferior even to the masterpiece of Lockhart. Following no master, moulding himself on no model, the charm of these pages is their originality. They are not Boswellian, nor Johnsonian, nor Colley Cibberish, nor traceable to any source. Yet in their liveliness of description, sly touches of satire, and vigorous analysis of character, combined with the naturalness of incident and surprising variety of interest deduced from ordinary adventure, we are constantly reminded of Gil Blas.

Abbéville, the flint-implements found
at, as affording evidence of primeval
man, 422.

About, M., his work on the temporal
sovereignty of the Pope, 396.
Adams, the allegories of, 480.
ADMINISTRATION OF INDIA, THE, 542.
AGOSTINI, THE ROMANCE OF, a tale of
modern Rome, Part I., 282-Part II.,
439-Part III., 523-conclusion, 650.
Alexander, the emperor, notices of, dur-
ing the campaign of 1812, 3 et seq.
Allegory, origin of the, 478.
Amateur painters, English, 75.
Amiens, the flint implements found at,

423.

Anglo-Indian army, the, proposed changes
in its organisation, &c., 242 et seq.-
the so-called mutiny in it, 243 et seq.
Anne Boleyn, the imprisonment and exe-
cution of, in the Tower, 354 et seq.
ANNESLEY CASE, THE, 565.
Antonelli, cardinal, 400.
Arbuthnot, Mr, evidence of, on civil
service appointments, 510.
Arena chapel at Padua, desolation of
the, 460.

Aristotle, as an illustration of the alleged
affinity between genius and madness,

304.

Armstrong, Sir Richard, on iron-plated
ships, 629.
Armstrong gun, experiments with the,

on the Trusty, 625.

Army, changes in organisation, &c. of, in
India, 242 et seq. the so-called mutiny
among the British there, 243 et seq.-
the Indian, the committee on, changes
proposed, &c., 545.

Art, a national, what its characteristics
should be, 65-dangers to the works
of, during the present Italian move-
ment, 458.

ARTHUR, KING, AND HIS ROUND TABLE,

311.

Asylum, the right of, in the Papal States,
Ayeen Akbery, the, 554.

Aytoun, professor, his defence of Claver-
house, 158, 159.

Bagrathion, general, during the Russian
campaign of 1812, 3 et seq.
Baldarroch, the alleged spiritual mani-
festations at, 391.

Balloon, parallel between a, and the
phenomena of table-turning, 383.
Bank question, Peel's conduct on the,

260.

Barclay de Tolly, general, in the Russian
campaign of 1812, 3 et seq.
Belooch horse, the, during the pursuit of

Tantia Topee, 175.
Berbera, sketches at, 26 et seq.
Beresina, the battle of the, 19.
Bernadotte, conduct of, as king of Swe-
den, 6.

Beschu de Champsavin, M. le, account
of election contest of, 108 et seq.
Bischoff, answer to his defence of Lie
big's theory of food, 676 et seq.
Bomarsund, the capture of, 619.
Bombay, opposition of the government
of, to Mr Wilson's financial scheme,

559 et seq.

Bombay army, state, &c. of the, 696.
Borodino, the battle of, 8.
Bosco, general, the defeat of, at Melazzo,

337 et seq.
Bothwell brig, ferocity of the Covenant-

ers at, 165.
Boutourlin's history of the Russian cam-

paign, 1.
Branwhite, Mr, the paintings of, 73.
Brett, Mr, the Hedger by, 71.
British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical
Review, answer to it on Liebig's theory
of food, 676 et seq.
Brittany, connection of the Arthurian
legends with, 314.
Brown of Priesthill, the case of, and
Claverhouse's connection with it, 158

et seq.

Browning's Aurora Leigh, remarks on, 40,

42.

Budget, conduct of the ministry on the,

123.

Burgoyne, Sir J., on the defences of
Portsmouth, &c., 137.
Burton, lieutenant, expedition into Afri-
ca under, 22, 27 et seq.
Byron, account of Peel by, 257.
Calvin, Hanna's defence of, 235.
CAMPDEN WONDER, THE, 54.
Canning, notices of, in connection with
Peel, 260 et seq. passim-formation of
his ministry, 262-his death, 263.

Evidence, on the laws of scientific, 381
et seq., 426 et seq.

Examination and competition, distinc-
tion between, as regards government
appointments, 509.

Excalibur or Calibourn, the legend of, 320.
Fable, origin of the, 475-German, 476.
Faed, Mr, painting by, 70.

Falconer, Dr, on the flint implements
of Abbéville, 422.
Faldè, fable from, 476.
Fénélon, fable from, 477.
Finance, the proposed system of, in In-
dia, 552.

Flint-implements of Abbéville, &c. the
evidence from, in favour of primeval
man, 422 et seq.

Floating battery, proposed steam, 137.
Floating batteries, the, at Kinburn, 620.
Flower, Mr, paper by, on the flint im-
plements of Abbéville, 423.

FOOD, THEORIES OF, 676.
Fortresses, the attack of, by wooden
ships, 617.

Foster, Birket, paintings by, 74.
Fougères, an election at, illustrating the
system of government in France, 108.
FRANCE, AN ELECTION IN, 107-the Re-
formation in, 235 causes of the loss
of her Indian empire, 544-experi-
ments regarding iron-plated ships in,
620 et seq.

Franklin, allegory by Jeremy Taylor
ascribed to, 479.

Freemantle, Sir T., evidence of, on the
civil service question, 510.
French exhibition of paintings, the Lon-

don, 76.

French invasion of England, probable re-
sults of, how to be met, &c., 136 et seq.
French Revolution of 1830, Ary Scheffer
during the, 574-and that of 1848,
583 et seq.

French treaty, conduct of the ministry
on the, 123.

Frere, Sir Bartle, defence of the Indian
finance scheme by, 555 et seq.
FRESCO-PAINTINGS OF ITALY-THE AR-
UNDEL SOCIETY, 458.
Fripp, Mr, painting by, 73.
Frith, Mr, his Claude Duval, 67.
Garibaldi, the victory of, at Melazzo,
337 et seq.

Garrison duty, comparative simplicity of,
for volunteers, 150.

Gastineau, Mr, Dunkeld by, 73.

Goldsmith, the eccentricities of, and their
source, 310.

Goodall, Mr, painting by, 79.
Gowdie, Isabell, the confessions of witch-
craft by, 59 et seq.
Graham, major, evidence of, on civil ser-

vice appointments, 509.
GREAT EARTHQUAKE AT LISBON, THE, 195.
GREAT WITS, MAD WITS? 302.
Greece, the Arthurian legends as repro-

ductions from, 314.
GROTE, MRS, HER MEMOIRS OF ART
SCHEFFER, reviewed, 572.
Guenever, the traditional history of, 323.
Gun-boats, the steam, and their services,

619.

Herbert, Mr Sidney, his instructions to
the national defences commission, 135.

and madness, 302.

German fables, characteristics of, 476.
Ghosts, the so-called evidences of, 387.
Gilbert, Mr, the paintings of, 75.

Giotto, the frescoes of, in the Arena

chapel at Padua, 461.
Gladstone, Mr, his budget, 123.

Glatton, the, her engagement with the

French frigates, 628.

nection with the mutiny on board the,

64.

Herne, lieutenant, notices of, 22, 26 et seq.
Hicks, Mr, the General post-office by, 68.
Hislop, Andrew, misrepresentations re-
garding Claverhouse in connection
with, 158.

Holmes, colonel, pursuit of Tantia Topee

Home office, Peel's services in the, 261.
Honner, brigadier, pursuit of Tantia
Topee by, 190, 191.

Hook, Mr, the paintings of, 78.
Hope, colonel, operations of, against

Tantia Topee, 180, 181.

Hopley, Elizabeth, the case of, 62.

Layard, Mr, on the destruction of Italian
frescoes, 459-on the frescoes at Spello,
460-on those of Perugino at Pani-
cale, 461.

Leslie, G. D., paintings by, 71.
Lessing, the daw with borrowed plumes
from, 476-the dying wolf from, 477.

the successive centuries, 345.

Houses, new and old, 344.
Huguenots, the, Hanna's history of, 235.
Hunt, H., his finding of Christ, &c., 81
- Leigh, fable from D'Herbelot by,
483-Mr W., paintings by, 75.
Huskisson, Mr, the dispute between, and
Wellington, 263, 264.

Income-tax, the proposed Indian, 555

642.

JUDICIAL PUZZLES-THE CAMPDEN WON-
DER, 54-THE ANNESLEY CASE, 565.
Justice, defects in the administration of,
in the Roman States, 401.
Kempthorne, captain, his proposed ships'
armour, 649.

Kinburn, the floating batteries at, 620.
Koch's life of Massena, on, 1.
Krasnoi, the battle of, 17.
Kurrum, sketches at, 23, 24.
Kutusoff, marshal, character of, 7-the
battle of Borodino, 8-notices of, dur-
ing campaign of 1812, 9 et seq. -at-
tempts to negotiate, 11-notices of
him, 12 et seq.

Landseer's Flood in the Highlands, 77.
VOL. LXXXVIII.-NO. DXLII.

Liebig's theory of food, criticism of, 676
et seq.

Linnell, Messrs, paintings by, 72.
LISBON, THE GREAT EARTHQUAKE AT, 195.
Lockhart, colonel, operations of, against
Tantia Topee, 180, 181.
Lollards, imprisonment of the, in the
Tower, 350.

London, probable effects of capture of,
136-various plans for defence of, in
case of invasion, 142 et seq.
London police, opposition to Peel's sys-
tem of, 266.

Lottery, the, and its effects in the Ro-
man States, 403.

Louis Philippe, friendship between, and
Ary Scheffer, 573-during the Revo-
lution of 1830, 574-and during that
of 1848, 583 et seq.

Lyons, lord, views of, on iron-plated
ships, 624.

Macaulay, lieutenant, Belooch horse un-
der, 175.

MACAULAY, LORD, AND DUNDEE, 155.
MacCallum, Mr, painting by, 71.
Mackenzie, Sir George, on confessions of
witchcraft, 61.
Maclachlan, Margaret, and Margaret Wil-
son, the execution of, and Macaulay's
use of it against Claverhouse, 157.
Madness, on the alleged affinity between
it and genius, 302.

Madras, opposition of the government of,
to Mr Wilson's financial scheme, 558.
Madras army, the, and its fidelity, 694,

696.

Magistrate, the, Hanna's views of the
office of, 235.

Malenchini, general, at Melazzo, 340.
Mallory, the compiler of the Mort d'Ar-
thure, 318.

Malo Jaroslawitz, the battle of, 13.
Mammalian bones, human implements
found in connection with, and infer-
ences from this, 422 et seq.

MAN, THE REPUTED TRACES OF PRIME-
VAL, 422.

Manchester massacre, Peel's speech on
the, 260.

Mann, Mr, evidence of, on the Civil Ser-
vice question, 513.

Marie, the princess, friendship between,

and Ary Scheffer, 575.
Marmont's Memoirs, notice of, 1.
Maun Sing, betrayal of Tantia Topee by,

193.

Medici, general, at Melazzo, 337 et seq.
MEETING, THE, by P. S. Worsley, 484.

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