...relationship between the United Nations and regional arrangements or agencies, which includes a provision that the Security Council "shall, where appropriate, utilize...without the authorization of the Security Council . . ,"232 The meaning of this provision is obscure. At the time of the Cuban missile crisis, when questions...

...disputes through such regional arrangements or by such regional agencies ...". Article 53 provides that the Security Council "shall, where appropriate, utilize...agencies for enforcement action under its authority". It is evident that with an increase in the activities of the Security Council an increase in relations...

...possibility of applying coercive measures, Article 53, paragraph I, of the United Nations Charter states : "But no enforcement action shall be taken under regional...without the authorization of the Security Council." We may therefore conclude that, in general terms, regional mechanisms do not enjoy the same degree...

...ICJ Rep., 14 47 Ibid., Judgment, paragraph 200. 48 Note 37 above, pp. 374-5. 122 Hilaire McCoubrey no enforcement action shall be taken under regional...without the authorization of the Security Council, ... In short, as indicated above, the legitimate scope of the operation of regional collective security...

...appropriate for regional action', It is in this context that Article 53111 goes on to state that the Council 'shall, where appropriate, utilize such regional...agencies for enforcement action under its authority', The power of deciding whether it is 'appropriate' for the carrying out of enforcement action in a particular...

...key provision for the present purpose is article 53( 1 ) of the UN Charter, which provides that, "... The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize...regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorisation of the Security Council." The omitted section makes redundant reference to action against...

...being asked to be involved in. Article 53. (1) The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilise such regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement...regional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authorisation of the Security Council, with the exception of measures against any enemy state, as defined...

...agencies. Articles 53 and 54 proved to be the contentious ones. Article 53 stipulates that 'the [UN] Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize...agencies for enforcement action under its authority. 20 For a good and more detailed discussion of the legal issues raised in this section see Luisa Vierucci,...

...are consistent with the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations.178 Article 53(1) promulgates: The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize...agencies without the authorization of the Security Council.179 Already in Resolution 199 (1964), the Security Council expressed its conviction that the...

...agencies either on the initiative of the States concerned or by reference from the Security Council; (ii) The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize...regional agencies without the authorization of the Council; (iii) Regional efforts undertaken by regional arrangements or agencies in the area of the...