Sweet reason : a field guide to modern logic

Preface xi What Is Logic? 1 Chapter One 3 1.1 Introducing Formal Logic 4 1.2 Constants and Relations 7 1.3 Quantifiers and Variables 9 1.4 Introducing Informal Logic 11 1.5 Conclusions 13 1.6 Dialects of Logic 15 Chapter Two 18 2.1 Formal Inference 19 2.2 Informal Inference 21 2.3 Diagramming Arguments 25 2.4 Saying No 32 2.5 Metalogic 35 Chapter Three 37 3.1 Basic Sentential 37 3.2 Truth Tables 43 3.3 English to Sentential 50 3.4 Negating Statements 56 3.5 Rebutting Premises 59 3.6 Computer Logic 65 Chapter Four 69 4.1 Validity 69 4.2 The Logic of English 73 4.3 Negating Conditionals 76 4.4 Rebutting Inferences 80 4.5 The Logic of Sets 87 Chapter Five 94 5.1 Well-formed Formulas 94 5.2 The Shortcut Method 101 5.3 Local and Global 108 5.4 More on Trees 111 5.5 Rebutting Everything 115 5.6 Polish Logic 122 Chapter Six 129 6.1 Predicate 130 6.2 English to Predicate 139 6.3 Reading Between the Lines 145 6.4 Multi-valued Logic 153 Chapter Seven 162 7.1 Universes 162 7.2 Syllogisms 167 7.3 Validity 172 7.4 Diagramming Your Argument 176 7.5 Inductive Logic 187 Chapter Eight 192 8.1 Predicate Wffs 192 8.2 Outlining Your Argument 196 8.3 The Logic of Chance 205 Chapter Nine 213 9.1 Simple Deduction 213 9.2 Simple Strategy 221 9.3 Writing Your Argument 227 9.4 Basic Modal Logic 234 Chapter Ten 240 10.1 Sentential Deduction 240 10.2 Sentential Strategy 250 10.3 Arguing with Yourself 263 10.4 Sophisticated Modal Logic 279 Chapter Eleven 287 11.1 Predicate Deduction 287 11.2 Predicate Strategy 296 11.3 Why We Argue 306 11.4 Presidential Debating 310 11.5 The Logic of Paradox 315 Chapter Twelve 327 12.1 Deduction with Identity 327 12.2 Deduction, FMTYEWTK 332 12.3 Parliamentary Debating 336 12.4 Cathy, A Decade On 338 12.5 Incomplete Logic 343 What is Logic? 349 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises 350 Index 384