and of Japan; of China from the exciting days of 1898 through the Revolution to the recent return to Monarchy, and of Japan from the time of Perry to the present administration of Count Okuma. The bulk of the work describes the recent diplomatic history of China and Japan, with emphasis upon their relations with the United States. The presentation is notably fair while the author is able to speak with authority, from his long residence in China. One wishing to understand the complicated situation in the Far East should read the volume. By Hon. J. Howard Whitehouse, Member of Parliament.. 158 PRESIDENT WILSON'S LACK OF POLICY IN MEXICO.... REACTION OF THE WAR UPON ISLAM By James L. Barton, LL.D., Foreign Secretary of the American Board for Foreign Missions; formerly President of Euphrates College, Harpot.... JAPAN'S OCCUPATION OF SHANTUNG, CHINA, A QUESTION OF RIGHT By Gilbert Reid, D.D., Director-in-Chief of the Inter- national Institute of China..... UNIVERSAL MILITARY SERVICE AND DEMOCRACY By George Nasmyth, Ph.D., author of "Social Progress and the Darwinian Theory: A Study of Force as a Factor ISSUED QUARTERLY $2.00 A YEAR 50 CENTS A COPY GEORGE H. BLAKESLEE, Ph.D. President G. STANLEY HALL, LL.D. CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Dean DAVID P. BARROWS, Ph.D.. Professor FRANK H. HANKINS, Ph.D. University of California . Rutgers College .Chicago ..University of Pennsylvania .Oahu College, Honolulu ....Clark College ..Tokyo, Japan K. NATERAJAN. Professor HowARD W. ODUM, Ph.D.. Associate Professor A. L. KROEBER, Ph.D........University of California Professor GEOrge Trumbull LADD, LL.D....... Professor EDWARD C. MOORE, Ph.D..... JAMES A. ROBERTSON, L.H.D...... Yale University .Harvard University Bombay, India .University of Georgia .Manila Articles intended for publication, and all correspondence relating to the editorial department of the JOURNAL, should be addressed to Dr. George H. Blakeslee, Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Books for review, exchanges, subscriptions, and all correspondence relating thereto should be addressed to Dr. Louis N. Wilson, Clark University Library, Worcester, Mass. Copyright, 191 Clark University. The printing of this number was completed January 9, 1917. Vol. 7 THE JOURNAL OF OCTOBER, 1916 THE WAR IN EUROPE AND TRUE PAN AMERICANISM1 By Dr. R. S. Naón, Ambassador from the No. 2 It behooves me in the first place to thank the distinguished mayor of your city and the gentlemen at the head of this organization for the high honor they have bestowed upon me in giving me the privilege of addressing you on this day. It is most gratifying to me to share in your satisfaction in this act common to all the countries of our continent and when the social atmosphere of the entire universe appears as if rarefied; at this very moment when there is substituted, in an enormous part of the civilized world, in place of the distinction of literary and philosophical speculation, in place of the solemn and moralizing tranquillity of scientific investigation, and in place of the fruitful application of its principles to the endless multiplicity of industrial activities, discouragement and sadness and despair in the home, solitude in the laboratory where the life of modern civilization is created, and funereal silence in the industrial workshop where the social and political capacity of the great laboring masses was augmented to bring about the triumph of human democracy, which, emphasizing the dignity of Man and his divine origin, consecrates him entirely to that collective activity which cannot be worked out but upon a solidarity of interests and a profound sentiment of fraternity. It does not appear that human history can show a time more difficult than that through which we are passing, The Columbus Day address at Boston, October 12, 1916. THE JOURNAL OF RACE DEVELOPMENT, vol. 7, No. 2, 1916 nor does it seem that we can draw from its pages a more fruitful lesson than that presented to us by the sad events of the European War. I believe that I merely affirm a fact when I say that its consequences, for many years to come, will affect, without exception, all the nations of the world. Our continent has drawn the material for the groundwork of its own civilization from the countries which are shedding their blood in this war: the sound political judgment of England has always been an inspiration and an example for us; the great achievements of German activity and science have contributed in large measure to our welfare and progress; and the nobility and genius of France and Italy in the fields of philosophy and art have constituted and still constitute, for most of the nations of America, the highest model for their mental activities. It might well be said that all the moral and material energies of those peoples have combined to produce this marvelous social transformation called American civilization, a transformation which feels itself affected in its most vital elements by the social consternation and the economic upset brought about by the sorrowful dissension among the great European nations. And that consternation is thoroughly justified when we stop to think that beside the moral ties there are also the ties of blood which have made of Europe and of America brother continents dedicated to the activities of a common race, with fundamentally identical ideas and with mutual interests in the maintenance of the energies indispensable to the complete fulfillment of human destinies. You will thus see how we are obliged to look with sympathy on the peoples engaged in the present war; how we are compelled to consider with tolerance the motives underlying the sad conflict. There could be no justification at the present moment, in the practical judgment which directs the action of peoples, either for an angry protest or for a philosophical or sentimental criticism against the present generation of those countries which, the heirs of political systems or of institutions or of organizations which evolve slowly, or of more or less explicable prejudices or |